- Tularemia, or “rabbit fever,” is a rare but serious disease caused by Francisella tularensis.
- Transmitted via ticks, deer flies, or aerosolized bacteria from infected animals.
- Incidence in the US increased by 56% from 2011-2022, attributed to better diagnostics and environmental factors.
Tularemia, often called “rabbit fever,” has seen a significant rise in the US over the past decade. This bacterial infection primarily spreads through insect bites, contact with infected wildlife, or inhalation of bacteria aerosolized during activities like mowing lawns.
Though rare, with an incidence of one case per 200,000 people annually, improved detection methods have led to a notable increase in reported cases.
Unmasking Rabbit Fever: The Growing Public Health Concern
The disease disproportionately affects Native American and Alaska Native communities, children, and older adults in central states, highlighting socio-environmental factors. Its classification as a Tier 1 Select Agent also underscores concerns about its potential misuse, making heightened awareness and preventive measures vital.
Despite the rise in cases, tularemia remains relatively uncommon, with around 2,462 cases reported across 47 states from 2011-2022. Advances in diagnostic tools, particularly polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, have contributed to more accurate identification of probable cases, changing the way public health monitors the disease.
Certain groups are at higher risk. Cultural practices and geographical factors place Native American and Alaska Native communities in the spotlight, with incidence rates five times higher than other demographics. Public health measures must address these disparities through targeted outreach and education.
Tularemia is not only a natural health concern but also a biosecurity issue. Its potential as a bioterrorism agent demands constant surveillance. Awareness campaigns, safe practices in outdoor activities, and prompt diagnosis remain the frontline defenses against its spread.
Addressing tularemia requires a balanced approach that combines public awareness, advanced diagnostics, and equitable healthcare to protect vulnerable communities.
“An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” — Benjamin Franklin
